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Timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals
The chemical elements were discovered in identified minerals and with the help of the identified elements the mineral crystal structure could be described. Georgius Agricola is considered the 'father of mineralogy'. One milestone was the discovery of the geometrical law of crystallization by René Just Haüy, a further development of the work by Nicolas Steno and Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle (the characterisation of a crystalline mineral needs knowledge on crystallography). Other milestones were the notion that metals are elements too (Antoine Lavoisier) and the periodic table of the elements by Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. The overview of the organic bonds by Kekulé was necessary to understand the silicates, first refinements described by Bragg and Machatschki; and it was only possibly to understand a crystal structure with Dalton's atomic theory and Goldschmidt's explanations. Specific gravity, streak (streak color and mineral hardness) and X-ray powder diffraction are quite specific for a Nickel-Strunz identifier (9 ed./10 ed.). Nowadays, non-destructive electron microprobe analysis is used to get the empirical formula of a mineral. Finally, the International Zeolite Association (IZA) took care of the zeolite frameworks (part of molecular sieves and/or molecular cages).
There are only a few thousand mineral species and 83 geochemically stable chemical elements combine to form them.〔 The mineral evolution in the geologic time context were discussed and summarised by A. G. Zhabin (and subsequent Russian workers), Robert M. Hazen, William A. Deer, Robert A. Howie and Jack Zussman.
== Milestones ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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